Whether you use a gerund or an infinitive depends on the main verb in the sentence. Defining a rule for the use of infinitive and gerund. Rules for using gerunds and infinitives when to use. The students complete each sentence with the verb in brackets in its gerund or infinitive form. Simple rules to master the use of gerunds and infinitives eslbuzz learning english gerunds and infinitives are sometimes referred to as verb complements. You can use a gerund as the subject, the complement, or the object of a. In this lesson, students read two stories that use gerunds and infinitives in context. Simple rules to master the use of gerunds and infinitives eslbuzz learning english. Gerunds and infinitives some important rules the form of the verb that ends in ing is called a gerund when used as a noun.
It is very useful to study them and practice using them correctly. A collection of english esl gerunds and infinitives powerpoints for home learning, online practice, distance learning and english classes to teach about. Home english grammar difference between gerund and infinitive. You can tell that to dance is an infinitive because to precedes the word dance. Some verbs can take both gerunds and infinitives, with only a slight difference in the meaning as explained in part i above. For this reason, here you have a deep explanation of all their uses. Page 1 of 3 gerunds and infinitives doing what noun phrases do. A gerund is the present participle ing form of the verb. This is the first part of a set planned to help my b1 students with the use of gerund or infinitive after some of the most common verbs.
Implied in this sentence is the verbal phrase, that has been preceding the verbal, broken. For teaching teens and adults, use our grammar practice worksheets lesson on gerunds and infinitives. If there is to between two verbs, we call it infinitive and ing added to second verb it is called gerund. Nov 10, 2016 gerunds and infinitives can replace a noun in a sentence. Up until now i have had difficulty figuring out a simple way to teach the skill of knowing which to use. Infinitive and gerund infinitive after an adjective example. As we saw in the verbs lesson, the infinitive is formed using the preposition to to walk, to eat, etc. There are also some verbs that are followed by both gerunds and infinitives.
Because their function is that of a noun, gerunds may be used as the subject of a sentence. Now that you know how these two elements can work in similar ways, its time to note an important difference in the gerund infinitive equation. Rules in using gerunds and infinitives a sentence can either use a gerund or an infinitive, it is only a matter of being able to distinguish how and when to use it appropriately. Here is a gerunds and infinitives worksheet to test students knowledge of gerunds and infinitives with to. Basic rules for gerunds and infinitives tru newsroom.
After prepositions i drank a cup of coffee before leaving. Gerunds can serve as an object after a preposition. Exercise 3 in pdf here choose the gerund or infinitive for a list of twenty verbs. The following lists of verbs followed by other verbs will help you practice using gerunds and infinitives within simple sentences.
Click here for stepbystep rules, stories and exercises to practice all english tenses. Irregular verbs form their past participles in various ways for example, bend. Verbs that show emotion and the fulfillment of unfulfillment of an activity may affect the meaning depending on the choice of an infinitive or a gerund. Some verbs and verb phrases are directly followed a gerund. Gerund it is a verb form which ends in ing and works as a noun in the following cases. In the english language, there are three basic types of verbals. Some specific gerund verbs, such as admit, mention, regret, enjoy, appreciate, remember, imagine, accuse of, apologize for, blame for, responsible for and deny could be used in this case. The main verb in the sentence determines whether you use a gerund or an infinitive. Rules for using gerunds and infinitives gerunds and infinitives gerund the ing form of a verb which works as a noun is known as a gerund. Infinitive abbreviated inf is a linguistics term referring to certain verb forms existing in many languages, most often used as nonfinite verbs.
The more you notice gerunds and infinitives in your study of the english language, the easier it will get. Verbs followed by gerunds and infinitives complete these sixteen sentences to score your knowledge of gerunds and infinitives. Simple, continuous and perfect infinitives and gerunds we use the perfect infinitive or the perfect gerund to emphasize that the action is complete or in the past. Your chart with action one followed by action two is great. Gerund or infinitive exercise 1 answers 1 i cant stand waiting in queues. Simple rules to master the use of gerunds and infinitives.
Rules for using gerunds and infinitives to describe an action. It wouldnt be much good for us to complain to the minister about it 4. Gerunds and infinitives complex forms test english. Gerunds, participles, and infinitives a verbal is a verb that functions as some other part of speech in a sentence. It can be a little difficult to know when to use gerunds and infinitives. Gerund vs infinitive worksheets for students and teachers 5 several fill in the blanks and multiple choice exercises grammarbank pdf ebooks click here. This handy chart includes a summary of the rules of when to choose a gerund or an infinitive. Exercise 4 in pdf here choose a gerund or infinitive when it changes the meaning. Gerund, infinitive grammar exercises learning english.
For more advanced levels of esl, this should be a simple, brief exercise that can be written on the board with the entire class participating. Review charts and rules for gerunds and infinitives as needed. The gerund is formed using the ending ing walking, eating, etc. Both gerunds and infinitives can be subjects in sentences, and both gerunds and infinitives can serve as the object of a verb. A sentence using a gerund can be converted in a sentence that uses an infinitive and vice versa. Page 1 of 3 gerunds and infinitives doing what noun. Infinitive phrases normally referred to as infinitives are formed with the word to in front of a verb.
Gerund and infinitive worksheet in this printable worksheet, the rules for using gerunds and infinitives will be explained in detail. Use the info you have learned on the gerunds and infinitives explanation page. Understanding how these words function is a crucial step in developing your english skills. The explanation will be followed by two practice activities with these grammar forms. These verbs can be followed by either a gerund or an infinitive. You will find 4 worksheets on this topic as well as a very useful article with some suggestions on how to explain the difference between the two to your students.
Focus 2 infinitives and gerunds in perfective, progressive, and passive exercise 2 with a partner, discuss the following topics using infinitives and gerunds. In this sentence, the words singing and laughing function as nouns, making them gerunds. Know your gerunds and infinitives what you are about to learn is going to be a lot easier if you remember how to use gerunds and infinitives. Whether you use a gerund or an infinitive depends on. Walking is the simple subject and the verb is links the subject to the. Note how the gerund and infinitive verbs italicized are used within the sample sentences. Gerund and infinitive worksheets are in pdf format and consist of a worksheet and answer sheet to check your results. Divide students into three groups, ideally of three or four students. Learning to use gerunds and infinitives can feel a bit overwhelming at first. Some people prefer getting up early in the morning. Rules for using gerunds and infinitives when to use gerunds. Past gerund how to use gerunds for past time learnesl. Feelsee hear watch someone do doing i heard him tell you about the letter.
Free infinitive and gerund worksheets this is the infinitive and gerund section of busy teacher. The active form of past gerund is used to show the present remarkresult of a past action. English file 3 rd edition teacher s book intermediate. Gerunds can appear at the beginning of a sentence when used as a subject. Gerunds and infinitives can function b to compose a sonata would take months. Here you will find many gerunds and infinitives english grammar exercises at all levels so you can practice and improve your understanding of them. We recommend updating yours to the latest version for the best experience. The ed form of a regular verb is its past participle. Nevertheless it is easy to find out whether it is a gerund or a progressive form 1.
Gerunds and infinitives exercise 2 perfect english grammar. It can be printed and given to your students as handouts. Infinitives and gerunds take the place of a noun in a sentence. Gerunds and infinitives may be confusing, but they make your english speech more varied and colorful. Defining a rule for the use of infinitive and gerund complements gregory conti corresponding author.
As with many linguistic concepts, there is not a single definition applicable to all languages. Complete the following sentences using the appropriate verb form. Paul avoids using chemicals on the vegetables he grows. How to teach gerunds and infinitives to esl students without. The gerund and the infinitive are forms of verbs that act as nouns. A collection of english esl worksheets for home learning, online practice, distance learning and english classes to teach about gerund, gerund. Gerunds and infinitives exercises really learn english. Click here to download this exercise in pdf with answers. The good news is that our threepart tutorial gives you twenty gerund and infinitive tips to take you from beginner to pro. Go to the main gerunds and infinitives explanation page here.
Therefore, you should be able to know how and when it is most effective to use a gerund or infinitive in your sentence. Becoming a millionaire is a dream of many young people today. Some verbs are followed by infinitives while others are followed by gerunds. Difference between gerund and infinitive simply explained by. Gerunds and infinitives can function as the subject of a sentence or. English esl gerunds and infinitives powerpoint presentations. Gerunds and infinitives can replace a noun in a sentence. After the main verb, both gerunds and infinitives can be used. Here is an intriguing speaking activity to help students practice gerunds and infinitives. Gerund the present participle ing form of the verb, e. English esl gerund worksheets most downloaded 285 results. Use the appropriate simple, perfective, progressive, or passive form and give reasons for your response for each item.
Infinitives are possible, but they are very formal and not very common in. Is it a gerund or a progressive form both forms end in ing. Aug 26, 2019 the following lists of verbs followed by other verbs will help you practice using gerunds and infinitives within simple sentences. Gerunds infinitives esl activities worksheets games. They may function as subjects or objects in a sentence. Using gerunds and infinitives a gerund is a verb form that ends in ing and is used as a noun walking, traveling, voting. The redcard holders write down verbs followed by gerunds.
To reinforce the differences between the gerunds, infinitives and progressive verb tenses, teachers need to provide an opportunity for students to identify each in sentences. The word is derived from late latin modus infinitivus, a derivative of infinitus meaning unlimited in traditional descriptions of english, the. This blog post is available as a convenient and portable pdf that you. Gerunds and infinitives, finite complements, foreign language.
Gerunds and infinitives can function as the subject of a sentence or the object of a verb. In english, if you want to follow a verb with another action, you must use a gerund or infinitive. It is no fun for me to havehaving so many children to look after 6. Difference between gerund and infinitive simply explained. As a guide, here is a list of rules in using gerunds or infinitives. Gerunds and infinitives exercises perfect english grammar. These tenses are formed with to be and the infinitive. It is no use for us to try to convince him of this 3. It was a difficult business for me to start the car with such a weak battery 5. It provides your students with exercises on gerund and infinitive. See all the gerund and infinitive exercises here heres my video on the subject. Gerunds and infinitives are sometimes referred to as verb complements.
Simple gerund vs perfect gerund there is usually no difference between using the simple gerund or the perfect gerund, because the context usually makes it clear when the action happened. The same spelling rules that apply to the progressive tenses also apply to gerunds. Captivating pdf gerund and infinitive esl activities, worksheets and games for teachers to use in class with and level students. Here in part 1, we introduce gerunds and infinitives and explain the basics of everyday usage. In a nutshell, a word formed from a verb acting as a noun and ending in ing is a gerund. Writing and speaking exercises give students plenty of practice with this grammar target. Exercise 2 in pdf here choose the gerund or infinitive for a list of twenty verbs. Grammar gerunds and infinitives learning how to use gerunds and infinitives is one of the most challenging aspects of learning english. You can use a gerund as the subject, the complement, or the object of a sentence. When you need an action as a subject, use a gerund. Making friends has become more difficult since i moved to a new city.
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